Reviewer Prelims Essay Example for Free

Re guller Prelims EssayLimitations to Economic ModelsModels an abstract inductive reasoning of how relevant facts actually relate to one another. simplified pictures of reality1. Liberal Use of Assumptions2. Ceteris Paribus Everything else remains constant3. diddle Run tenacious Run Short Run is a time range within which output can be adjusted only by changing the amounts of variable inputs remain un revisiond. Long run is a time period that is long enough to permit changes in all inputs both fixed variable. ** Fixed constant/doesnt change** Variable varies4. The Use of Graph Visual representations of the relationship between 2 variables. ** Cartesian Plane Rene DescartesY bloc IndependentCauseX axis DependentEffectApproaches1. Positive base on factsuse to describe an occurrence of an eventobjectiveansw. the question, What is? Or What will be?2. Normativebased on opinionsubjective / judgmentalpredictiveansw. the question,What ought to be? Or What should be?Branche s of EconomicsMACRO broad birds eye view aggregate consider and supply contributions made by different sectors inthe economyMICROsmall / individual particular / specific demand and supply detailed close-up view Implications of Scarcity1. The need to make choicea. Opportunityb. Benefit or Punishmentc. Value JudgmentOpinion2. Rationing Device3. Competition iv Economic ResourcesCapital physical or valet capitalLand natural resources (surface beneath)Labor blue collar or white collar is an bowel movement human skillsEntrepreneur 4 functions Initiative occupancy Policy Innovator Risk Taker1. Availability of ResourcesProducts Goods tangible Services intangibleTwo Parties producer demanders (customers)2. take aim of ProductionTwo Approaches Mkt. Aggregation (macro) Mkt. Segmentation (micro)3. Manner, Methods and TechniquesProcedure of Productions3 Methodsa. Capital Intensive(capital labor)b. Labor Intensive(labor capital)c. Intermediate Production(capital = labor)4. Ta rget Clients / Customer2 Methodsa. Direct (modern)Networking and Direct Sellingb. Indirect (traditional)Manufacturer Advertiser Wholesaler Retailers Consumer5. Price reasonableProfitable Producers Profit CostAffordable Consumers Cost sanctioned Economic Activities1. ProductionInputs Procedures OutputsClassification of Products1. Basic2. Luxury3. Public4. Free5. Economic Needs2. Distribution ReachTwo Methods of Distributiona. Non-conventional cheapest but bumper-to-bumperb. Conventional expensive but fast3. ExchangeBarter SytemMedium of ExhangeLegal Tender Philippine pesoNon-legal tender Foreign currencycommunicationsCommunication Commun (oe) Communis common Communic be to shareCommunication EffectivenessWords 7%Non-Verbal 93% Vocal 38% Visual 55%Vocal rate phasing of character voice quality voice pitchVisual oculesics (sight) haptics (touch) kinetics (body movement) accecories chronemics olfactics (hearing) proxemics (special)** Public Domain** General K nowledge**Jargons the technical terminologyor characteristics idiom of a specialactivity or group.Communication Barrier1. Poor word choice2. Differing connotations3. Inappropriate inferences (conclusions)4. Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation and sentence structure5. Wrong type of essence6. Poor appearance of the sender of the oral message7. Poor appearance of written message8. Distracting environmental factors9. Receiver incapable of receiving message10. Poor listening11. Lack of interest12. Lack of knowledge needed to understand13. Different cultural perceptions14. Language difficulty15. Emotional state16. BiasSOCIOLOGYCapacity to slant from one perspective to anotherSelf-experience wider societySelf-centric views acceptance and understanding of others History of Sociology19th centuryFrench revolution* democratic views starts to sprungIndustrialization* capitalist vs. laborers* put up of machinery* social-problems Scientific revolutionPioneers of Sociology1. Auguste ComteFather of sociologyCoined the term socio(companion) and logy(study)2. Herbert SpencerSociety is a product of evolutionSocial Darwinism influenced himSociobiologist were not accepted in modern society3. Karl Marx utilise sociological inquiry with himselfConflict perspectiveHistory of the have and have nots4. Emile DurkheimFather of Modern SociologySocial factsThe degree of social integration5. Max weberContradicting the political and economic ideas of Karl MarxSocial interaction conceptrise of Protestantism was a major contributor to the progress of capitalism and industrialization Culture counselling of sprightlinessMaterial and Non-material cultureBeliefs and traditionsModern/popular culture personalitySocial Perspectives1. Social Funtionalist Theory Functionalists believe that society is held together by social consensus, in which members of the society agree upon, and work together to achieve, what is best for society as a whole. 2. Social Interaction Theory (symbolic interactionali sm which focuses on how people act gibe to their interpretations of the meaning of their world. 3. Social Conflict theory which focuses on the negative, conflicted, ever-changing nature of society.THEOLOGYLiving Like deliverymanThe Jesus of history and of being humanLiving desire Jesus is COMPLICATED and PROBLEMATIC because of his supernatural state It is a HUGE responsibility to live like himFOUR Rs1. RebelA non-conformist who do not abideHe was defiantHe was extraordinary because of his differing beliefs2. ReformistA person who goes for something better3. RevolutionaryA dreamer and an active workerDoesnt leave anything to chanceNever works alone4. RadicalWho do not think and act like the restSomeone who challenges a particular orderJesus was RADICAL-MINDED, LIBERAL-MINDED and PRACTICAL-MINDED LiberatingA HERO who is DARINGA carpenterAnalyticalPragmaticInnovatorJesuss timeGross injustice that was fed by monstrous greedImpoverished sufferingsPatriarchal cultureJesus was BREAKTH ROUGH-MINDEDBroke away from the way people think during his timeMORALITY valueSomething that is important to usActions are always a product of choicesExclusive to human actionsHuman beings are rational beingsReasoning is a product of intelligence3 Font principles of Christian honourableity1. Person2. Context3. Acts and ConsequencesOrder means survival excerpt is everybodys interestSociety comes together to create a system of supportIf ones freedom ends, somebodys freedom beginsCo-existence demands complyChristianity is a success storyThought-fullnessPeople find ways to co-exist with one anotherPeople make agreement and collective decisions to have ORDER in the community Order is beauty and beauty is life** Schechems, SamariaAt the well of Schechem he met a womanOstrasize excluded/isolated nobody relates to you** The Rational being is the Moral BeingBase from FREEDOMA moral person is someone who is free to do what he/she likes(chooses to do) for as long as he/she does not infring e Infringe violates the freedom of othersFreedom is not absoluteResponsible Freedom freedom is a responsibilityPenology penalENGLISHBusiness EnglishCommunicative CompetenceKnowledge of the LanguageAbility to use the LanguageWritingSpeakingListeningReadingTasks1. Types of Letters2. Simulated accompanyNameLogoSlogan/mottoNature of BusinessVision/Mission3. Business Application LetterCurriculum VitaeBio-dataResumeStandard orchis EnglishNo errorsNo contractionsCorrect tensesDictionMechanicsSpellingAbbreviationsCapitalizationsSyllabicationsPunctuations** Simulation business / company Social Responsibility** Figures of Speech = TropesParts of a Letter1. Date Line. The month, day, and year the letter is typed. 2. Inside Address. The name and address of the person to whom the letter is being sent. 3. Salutation. An opening greeting such as undecomposed Ms. Jones. 4. Body. The text of the letter.5. Complimentary Closing. A closing to the letter such as Sincerely or Yours truly. 6. S ignature. The writers signature.7. Writers Identification. The writers typed name and address.FILIPINOMasining / Malikhaing PagpapahayagInilipat sa GEC s2004Dating Retorika na ayon sa CHED memo 59, s1996Mga Paksa1. Kalikasan at simula ng Retorika2. Masining na pagpapahayag(pasulat at pasalita)3. Kritikal na pagbasa sa mga sulatin4. Pagsulat ng 4 na uri ng pagpapahayagPagsasalaysayPaglalarawanPaglalahadPangangatwiran2 uri ng Pagpapahayag1. Traditional2. Conventional (makabago)Talambuhay1. Talambuhay ng sarili2. Talambuhay ng ibang taoPaksa1. Paksa2. Pagkalap ng impormasyon3. Pagbabalangkas4. Pagbasa5. Muling pagsulat6. Publikasyon/paglilimbayParaan istilo, wika , karakter, angkop sa bumabasa, angkop sa tema, paglalarawan ng karakterDipinisyon1. Maanyong Dipinisyon uri/klase2. Dipinisyong Pasanaysay Kontrasyon** Retorika magaling na tagapagsalitaClassical Greek Rethoric1. Corax Ama ng Greek RhetoricBahagi ng Talunmpati1. Proem2. Narrative/Narration3. Statement of Argument4. Ref utation/opposing stock5. Summary/Conclusion** Proem pagpapakilala sa nilalaman ng talumpati** Summary buong punto o buod ng paksa2. Tisias estudyante ni CoraxBahagi ng Talumpati1. Prologue2. Narrative3. Argument4. Epilogue** Prologue pagkuha sa atensyon ng takapakinig habang sinasabi ang introduksyon3. AristotleBahagi ng Talumpati1. Exordium2. Narratio3. Divisio (argument)4. Confirmatio (affirmative)5. Confutatio (refutation)6. Conclusio** Exordium pagkakaroon ng interaksyon sa tagapagsalita at sa takapakinig mula sa introduksyonMedieval Rhetoric1. Cicero5 Canons of Rhetoric1. Inventio (invention)2. Despositio (arrangement)3. Elocotiu (style)4. Memoria (memory)5. Action (delivery)** Inventio paksa, audience, sitwasyon** Despositio balangkas** Elocotiu figures of speech** Memoria kaisipan2. QuintillianGood man speaking wellKarakter ng isang speakerTinaguriang Roman Wiseman3. TertullianUnang nagtranslate ng holy place ScriptureAma ng Latin ChristianityNagsulat ng Latin Chri stian LiteratureNag-introduce sa Holy Trinity4. LucianSatiristNative speaker ng barbarian5. HermogenesGriyegong magniloquenceLegal documentsAng retorika ay ang pagkakaroon ng mahusay na pagsasalita6. CapellaProseNarrativeDidactic method7. St. Augustine8. CassiodorousLetter writing9. IsidoreEncyclopedia of Human KnowledgeDialectic approach10. Al QuinParliamentary ProcedureCivic11. BedePoetry / poetic way of writing12. Nother LabeoLatin German Literature13. Boethius